Intellectual Property Rights
1. What are geographical indications and how geographical indications are protected?
2..What are Industry design and how is the industry design protected?
3.Discuss the infringement of intellectual property rights?
4.Why protect industrial design?
1. What are geographical indications and how geographical indications are protected?
Geographical indications (GIs) who hote hain jinse kisi jagah ke special products ka pata chalta
hai. Jaise ki, Agra ka Taj Mahal, ya Darjeeling ka famous tea. Yeh products ek particular region se aate hain aur
unki quality ya characteristics us jagah ke environment se judi hoti hai.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) mein, GIs ko protect karne ka kaam hota
hai taaki dusre log unka misuse na karein. Iske liye, India mein Geographical
Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 hai. Is act ke
tahat, kisi bhi particular region ke products ko register kiya jata hai, jisse
unki identity aur origin secure ho.
Protection ke liye, registered GIs ko unauthorized use se bachane ke liye
legal measures liye jaate hain. Yadi koi bhi vyakti ya company registered GI ka
galat istemaal kare, toh legal action liya ja sakta hai. Isse not only woh
region ke producers ko fayda hota hai, but consumers ko bhi assurance milti hai
ki woh product asli hai aur uski quality pe bharosa kiya ja sakta hai.
What do you mean by
Geographical Indications?
➢ Under the Section 2 (e) of the G.I. Act, 1999 defines
“Geographical Indication, in relation to goods, means an
indication which identifies such goods as agricultural goods, natural goods or
manufactured goods as originating, or manufactured in the territory of a
country, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality,
reputation or other characteristics of such goods is essentially attributable
to its geographical origin and in a case where such goods are manufactured
goods one of the activities of either the production or of processing or
preparation of the goods concerned takes place in such territory, region or
locality, as the case may be.”
➢ Some better-known examples of GI are “Champagne,” “Bordeaux,” and “Chianti,” the first two being regions in France and the third, a region in Italy, all famous for their wines.
➢ In the Indian context, ‘Darjeeling Tea’ was the first GI registered under the GI Act.
➢ This GI is registered in the name of the Tea Board of India which also hold GI registrations for ‘Nilgiri Tea’ and ‘Assam Tea’.
➢ Similarly, the Coffee Board (under the Ministry of Commerce & Industry) has a subsisting registration for Malabar Coffee.
➢ Other
well-known GIs include ‘Kashmiri Pashmina’, ‘Mysore Silk’, ‘Lucknow Chicken
Craft’ and ‘Feni’
Why G.I. Act, 1999
got introduced in India?
➢ Under the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property), countries do not have a mandatory obligation to protect a
geographical indication if that geographical indication is not covered within
the country of its origin.
➢ Moreover, India did not have any laws before 1999 related
to geographical indication which could protect the interest of the producers of
G.I. goods.
So, what made India
introduce the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection)
Act, 1999?
➢ It
was due to three controversial cases related to Neem, Turmeric, and Basmati.
Geographical
Indication Act, 1999
➢ After these three cases, the Indian government, to
prevent unfair exploitation, realised the importance of having comprehensive
legislation for the registration and providing adequate legal protection to
geographical indications.
➢ The Parliament enacted the Geographical Indications of
Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999, which came into power with
effect from 15th September 2003.
➢ The present G.I. is governed by the Geographical
Indications of Goods (Registration & Protection) Act, 1999, and the
Geographical Indication of Goods (Regulation and Protection) Rules, 2002
Objectives of the G.I. Act,1999
The objectives of the G.I. Act 1999 is threefold,
1. It is to prohibit unauthorised persons from misusing
geographical indications and to protect consumers from deception,
2. Particular law governing the geographical indication of
goods in India which could well enough to cover the concern of yielders of such
goods,
3. To encourage and promote exports of the goods bearing
India Geographical Indication
Geographical
Indication registration
➢ Section 8 of the G.I. Act gives that a Geographical
Indication may be registered regarding any or all of the goods, included in
such types of goods as may be listed by the registrar.
➢
Moreover, regarding a particular area of
a country, or a region or locality in that territory, as the case may be.
➢ According to the prescribed manner, the registrar may
also classify the goods according to the international division of goods to
register geographical indications and publish in an alphabetical index of
various goods
Who can apply for G.I.?
➢ Any union of
persons or producers or any organisation or authority established by or under
any law expressing the concern of the producers of the concerned goods can
apply for registration of a geographical indication.
➢ The
‘Producer’ means in G.I. Act –
➢
Anyone who provides the goods in case agricultural goods and involves the person
who prepares or packages such goods.
➢ Anyone who utilises the goods in case of natural goods
Anyone who creates or
produces the handiwork or manufactured goods.
➢ Anyone who
purchases or trades in such production, exploitation, building or manufacturing
of the goods
Duration of registration
➢ The
validity of a registered geographical indication is ten years and can be
renewed from time to time on payment of the renewal fee.
2..What are Industry design and how is
the industry design protected?
Industry design ka
matlab hota hai kisi product ke shape, configuration, ya pattern ka design,
jise use karke woh product alag aur recognizable dikhe. Yeh design kisi bhi
product ki aesthetics aur appearance ko define karta hai.
Industry design ko protect karne ke liye Intellectual Property Rights
(IPR) ka use hota hai. India mein iske liye Designs Act, 2000 hai. Is act ke
tahat, koi bhi person ya company apne unique aur new design ko register karva
sakte hain.
Protection ke liye, jab koi design register hota hai, toh uske holder ko
exclusive rights milte hain. Yani, koi bhi dusra person ya company us design ko
without permission use nahi kar sakta. Isse, original designers ko apne
creativity ka poora haq milta hai aur unka design copy hone se bachta hai.
Registered design ko protect karne ke liye, agar koi unauthorized use
karta hai, toh legal action liya ja sakta hai. Isme civil remedies, jaise ki
damages ya injunction, aur criminal remedies, jaise ki fine ya imprisonment,
shamil hote hain.
Overall, industry design protection ka aim hai creativity ko encourage
karna aur designers ko unki mehnat ka poora moolya dilana.
3.Discuss the infringement of
intellectual property rights?
Intellectual Property
Rights (IPR) woh hote hain jo hamare dimaag se nikle creations ko protect karte
hain, jisse creators ko unki mehnat ka poora haq milta hai. Infringement tab
hota hai jab koi bina permission ke kisi ka intellectual property use karta
hai, be it patents, copyrights, trademarks, ya trade secrets.
1. Copyright Infringement:
Yeh hota hai jab koi copyrighted material, jaise ki books, music, ya art, ko
bina permission ke use karta hai. Online platforms pe piracy aur digital
content ka unauthorized distribution isme aata hai.
Example:
Movies ya music ko online platforms pe upload aur share karna bina copyright
owner ki permission ke.
2. Patent Infringement:
Patent infringement tab hota hai jab koi patented invention ko use karta hai
bina permission ke. Yeh products aur processes dono ko cover karta hai.
Example:
Kisi patented technology ka use karke product banakar bechana bina patent
holder se license liye.
3. Trademark Infringement:
Yeh hota hai jab koi trademark ya similar mark ka unauthorized use karta hai,
jo consumers ko confuse kar sakta hai regarding the source of goods or
services.
Example:
Kisi well-known brand ke logo ya brand name ka similar use karke consumers ko
dhoka dena.
4. Trade Secret Infringement:
Trade secrets woh confidential business information hote hain jo competitive
advantage provide karte hain. Infringement hota hai jab koi in secrets ko bina
permission ke acquire, use, ya disclose karta hai.
Example:
Koi employee apne previous employer ke confidential customer list ka use karke
new competing business ko benefit dena.
5. Design Infringement:
Yeh hota hai jab koi registered design ka unauthorized use karta hai, violating
the exclusive rights of the design holder.
Example:
Kisi registered design ke unique elements ko copy karke products banakar bechna
bina permission ke.
Infringement ke Consequences:
Legal Action:
Injured party legal action le sakta hai, jisme injunctions, damages, aur
kabhi-kabhi criminal penalties shamil hote hain.
Financial Consequences:
Infringer ko damages pay karne ke liye bola ja sakta hai, jo ki unke dwara kiye
gaye nuksan ke liye hota hai.
Reputation ka Nuksan:
Infringement se infringing party ka reputation damage ho sakta hai, aur
customers ya clients ke saath relationships ko bhi nuksan ho sakta hai.
Innovative Deterrence:
Infringement se darta hua hona bhi logon ko future mein intellectual property
infringement se bachane mein madad karta hai.
Prevention and Protection:
Registration:
Intellectual property rights ko register karwana protection mein madad karta
hai aur rights holder ko infringement ke case mein strong bana deta hai.
Enforcement:
Regular monitoring aur prompt legal action infringement se bachane mein madad
karta hai.
Awareness: Public aur stakeholders ko intellectual property rights ke importance ke baare mein aware karna creativity aur innovation ke liye ek supportive environment create karta hai.
4. Why protect industrial design?
Industrial design ko
protect karna bahut zaroori hai kyunki yeh hamare products ki appearance aur
aesthetics ko define karta hai. Yeh kisi product ke shape, configuration, ya
pattern ka design hota hai jo usko alag aur pehchanne mein madad karta hai.
Industrial design protection ka matlab hai ki jab koi ek unique design banata
hai, toh use exclusive rights milte hain, jisse woh design copy hone se bach
sakta hai. Yeh kuch reasons hain jinki wajah se industrial design protection
important hai:
1. Creativity ki Incentive:
Industrial design protection designers ko encourage karta hai apne creations ko
innovate karne mein. Jab unko pata hota hai ki unki mehnat ka moolya hai aur
unko exclusive rights milenge, toh woh naye aur creative designs develop karne
mein jyada interested hote hain.
2. Competitive Edge:
Protected industrial designs businesses ko ek competitive edge dete hain market
mein. Agar kisi company ke products ka design unique hai aur woh protected hai,
toh us company ko competitors se aage ka fayda hota hai. Customers bhi often
unique aur well-designed products ko pasand karte hain.
3. Brand Recognition:
Design ek important part hai brand recognition ka. Kisi bhi product ka design
uski identity ko define karta hai aur log us design se us brand ko pehchante
hain. Industrial design protection se brand ka consistent look maintain hota
hai, jisse logo ko asani hoti hai us brand ko identify karne mein.
4. Consumer Confidence:
Jab ek product ka design protected hota hai, toh consumers ko confidence milta
hai ki woh product genuine hai aur uski quality maintain ki gayi hai. Isse
consumers apne purchases ko lekar zyada trust karte hain.
5. Economic Growth:
Industrial design protection ek desh ke economic growth mein bhi contribute
karta hai. Jab designers ko apne creations ka protection milta hai, toh woh
apne skills aur talent ko aur behtar tareeke se utilize karte hain. Isse
overall creativity aur innovation badhti hai, jo ek desh ke economic
development ko boost karta hai.
6. International Trade:
Protected industrial designs help in promoting international trade. Agar kisi
country mein strong industrial design protection hai, toh woh apne products ko
international market mein confidently promote kar sakti hai. Isse exports mein
bhi izafa hota hai.
Kaise Protect Karna:
Industrial design protection ke liye designers ko apne designs ko register
karwana chahiye. India mein Designs Act, 2000 iske liye ek legal framework
provide karta hai. Registered design holders ko exclusive rights milte hain,
aur agar koi unauthorized use karta hai, toh legal action liya ja sakta hai.