Introduction of Computer Graphics
Computer
Graphics involves technology to access. The Process transforms and presents
information in a visual form. The role of computer graphics insensible. In
today life, computer graphics has now become a common element in user
interfaces, T.V. commercial motion pictures.
Computer
Graphics is the creation of pictures with the help of a computer. The end
product of the computer graphics is a picture it may be a business graph,
drawing, and engineering.
Definition of Computer Graphics:
It is the use
of computers to create and manipulate pictures on a display device. It
comprises of software techniques to create, store, modify, represents pictures.
Why computer graphics used?
Suppose a shoe
manufacturing company want to show the sale of shoes for five years. For this
vast amount of information is to store. So a lot of time and memory will be
needed. This method will be tough to understand by a common man. In this
situation graphics is a better alternative. Graphics tools are charts and
graphs. Using graphs, data can be represented in pictorial form. A picture can
be understood easily just with a single look.
Interactive computer graphics work using the concept of two-way communication between computer users. The computer will receive signals from the input device, and the picture is modified accordingly. Picture will be changed quickly when we apply command.
Applications areas of computer
Graphics:-
Computer graphics has a wide range of
application areas, including:
Entertainment: Computer graphics are extensively used in movies, video games,
and virtual reality applications. They help in creating stunning visual
effects, realistic 3D animations, and immersive virtual environments.
Education and Training: Computer graphics are used in educational and training
applications to create interactive simulations and visualizations
that help students better understand complex concepts and procedures.
Visualization: Computer graphics are used to create visual representations of complex
data, such as scientific data, financial data, and medical imaging. These
visualizations help in understanding the data better and making informed
decisions.
Industrial Design: Computer graphics are used in industrial design to create 3D
models of products and prototypes. They help in visualizing the product before
it is manufactured, allowing for design improvements and cost savings.
Architecture and Engineering: Computer graphics are used in architecture and engineering to
create 3D models of buildings and structures. They help in visualizing the
design and detecting potential issues before construction begins.
Advertising and Marketing: Computer graphics are used in advertising and marketing to
create visually appealing and attention-grabbing advertisements, logos, and
branding materials.
Gaming: Computer graphics is an essential part of game development,
enabling the creation of realistic environments, characters, and special
effects.
Art and Design: Computer graphics are used in art and design to create digital art, animations, and visual effects. They offer new creative possibilities and tools for artists and designers.
Overview
of graphics System
A graphics system is a software and/or
hardware system that is used to create, manipulate, and display visual images.
It typically consists of the following components:
Input Devices: These devices are used to input data into the graphics system.
Examples include keyboards, mice, scanners, and cameras.
Processor: The graphics processor is
responsible for performing the complex calculations required to create and
manipulate 2D and 3D images.
Memory: Graphics systems require a large amount of memory to store the
data required for creating and manipulating images.
Output Devices: These devices are used to display the images created by the
graphics system. Examples include monitors, printers, and projectors.
Software: The software component of a graphics system includes the
operating system, graphics programming languages, and application
software.
Graphics Libraries: Graphics libraries provide pre-written code that can be used to
create graphics applications. Examples include OpenGL and DirectX.
APIs: Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) provide a
set of functions that can be used to communicate with hardware and software
components of the graphics system.
Display File: A display file is a data structure that
contains the information required to display an image. It includes information
about the location, color, and shape of objects in the image.
Rendering Engine: The rendering engine is responsible for creating the final
image by processing the data in the display file and converting it into pixels
that can be displayed on the output device.
Overall, a graphics system is a complex system that involves the interaction of many different components to create and display visual images.
Video display
Devices
Video display devices are electronic
devices that are used to display visual images and video. Here are some common
types of video display devices:
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
Displays: These are the older type of displays that
work by firing electrons at a phosphor-coated screen. They are bulky and heavy,
and have largely been replaced by newer display technologies.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
Displays: These displays use liquid crystals to
control the passage of light through a matrix of pixels. They are thinner and
lighter than CRT displays, have lower power consumption, and are widely used in
laptops, smartphones, and other portable devices.
LED (Light Emitting Diode)
Displays: These displays use an array of LEDs to
emit light through a matrix of pixels. They are more power-efficient than LCD
displays and can produce brighter colors and higher contrast
ratios.
OLED (Organic Light Emitting
Diode) Displays: These displays use organic
materials to emit light when an electrical current is passed through them. They
offer better contrast ratios, wider viewing angles, and faster response
times than LCD displays.
Plasma Displays: These displays use a matrix of tiny cells filled with gas that
is ionized to produce light. They are capable of producing very high
contrast ratios and deep blacks, but are less power-efficient and
have shorter lifespans than LCD or LED displays.
Projectors: Projectors are devices that project an image onto a screen or
wall. They are commonly used in home theaters, classrooms, and conference
rooms. They can be either LCD or DLP (Digital Light Processing) projectors.
Virtual Reality Headsets: Virtual reality headsets are wearable devices that use small displays and lenses to create a 3D virtual environment for the user. They are commonly used for gaming and immersive experiences.
What is
raster-scan Systems?
A raster
scan system is a type of video display system that creates an image by
scanning an electron beam across the screen in a series of horizontal lines, or
scan lines. This type of display is commonly used in CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
displays, but is also used in some modern display technologies.
In
a raster scan system, the electron beam is generated by an electron
gun and focused by a set of magnetic coils. The beam is then deflected
horizontally across the screen by another set of coils, and the speed of the
beam is synchronized with the refresh rate of the display.
As the beam
moves across the screen, it illuminates phosphor dots on the screen
that correspond to the pixels in the image being displayed. The intensity of
the beam is modulated to create different shades of color, and the entire image
is built up line by line from the top to the bottom of the screen.
Raster scan
systems typically have a fixed number of pixels and a fixed resolution, which
is determined by the size and shape of the screen and the number of scan lines
that can be displayed. The resolution is specified in terms of the number of
pixels horizontally and vertically, such as 640x480 or 1920x1080.
One disadvantage
of raster scan systems is that they are susceptible to flicker, which
occurs when the refresh rate is too low and the image appears to flicker or
pulse. This problem can be reduced by increasing the refresh rate or using
technologies such as interlacing or double buffering.
What is
random scan Systems?
A random
scan system is a type of video display system that creates an image by
directly addressing and illuminating individual pixels on the screen, rather
than scanning across the screen in a fixed pattern as in a raster scan system.
This type of display system is also known as a vector display system.
In
a random scan system, the electron beam is controlled by a set of X and
Y deflection coils that can be precisely positioned to address
individual pixels on the screen. This allows for more precise
control over the image being displayed, and can result in smoother
and more detailed images than raster scan systems.
Random scan
systems are commonly used in applications that require high-resolution
graphics, such as CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and scientific visualization.
They are also used in some specialized display technologies, such as laser
displays and vector displays.
One disadvantage of random scan systems is that they can be slower than raster scan systems for displaying images with a large number of pixels. This is because each pixel must be addressed individually, which can be a time-consuming process. Additionally, random scan systems are typically more expensive than raster scan systems due to their higher precision and more complex hardware requirements.
Differentiate
between Random and Raster Scan Display:
|
Random Scan |
Raster Scan |
|
1.
It has high Resolution |
1.
Its resolution is low. |
|
2.
It is more expensive |
2.
It is less expensive |
|
3.
Any modification if needed is easy |
3.Modification
is tough |
|
4.
Solid pattern is tough to fill |
4.Solid
pattern is easy to fill |
|
5.
Refresh rate depends or resolution |
5.
Refresh rate does not depend on the picture. |
|
6.
Only screen with view on an area is displayed. |
6.
Whole screen is scanned. |
|
7.
Beam Penetration technology come under it. |
7.
Shadow mark technology came under this. |
|
8.
It does not use interlacing method. |
8.
It uses interlacing |
|
9.
It is restricted to line drawing applications |
9.
It is suitable for realistic display. |
Graphics
monitors and work stations and input devices:-
Graphics monitors and workstations are
specialized computer systems designed for creating and manipulating visual
images.
Graphics monitors are high-resolution
displays that are capable of displaying detailed images with accurate
color reproduction. They typically have a larger screen size and a higher pixel
density than standard computer monitors, and may be calibrated for color
accuracy.
Workstations are high-performance computers that are optimized for running graphics
software and handling large amounts of data. They typically have faster
processors, more memory, and specialized graphics hardware, such as graphics
processing units (GPUs) or video cards, that are designed to accelerate the
rendering of graphics and video.
Input devices for graphics systems include
a wide range of devices that allow users to interact with the system and create
visual content. Some common input devices include:
Keyboards and mice: These are standard input devices that are used for typing text,
selecting items on screen, and navigating menus.
Graphics tablets: These are specialized input devices that allow users to draw
directly on the screen using a stylus. They are commonly used in digital
art and graphic design.
Touchscreens: Touchscreens allow users to interact with the graphics system
using their fingers or a stylus. They are commonly used in mobile devices and
interactive displays.
Scanners: Scanners allow users to digitize images and documents, which can
then be manipulated and edited in graphics software.
Cameras: Cameras can be used to capture images and video that can be
imported into graphics software for editing and manipulation.